Definition of Management: Top 7 Definitions | प्रबंधन की परिभाषा: शीर्ष 7 परिभाषाएं
It is difficult, if not impossible, to give a definition of management. ECL Breach does not even understand the need for the definition of management. They believe that the importance is of management, not its definition. However, to understand the management well, it will be necessary to describe some key definitions.
For the convenience of the study, the various definitions of management are mainly divided into the following categories:
1. Productivity and Efficiency-Oriented Definitions:
The following definitions of management are included in this category which emphasizes the production of goods at the lowest cost using the efficient means of production:
(i) F. W. In Taylor's words- "Management is the art of knowing what you want people to do." Then to see that they do it in the best and frugal way. "
This definition states the following:
(a) Management is an art,
(b) There is a complete determination of the tasks to be managed and
(c) Management looks for the best and economical method of performance.
(ii) According to John F. Meme - "Management means the art of achieving maximum results through minimum effort in which maximum prosperity and prosperity can be achieved for both employer and employee and best service can be provided to the public". "
(iii) In the words of William F. Glock- "Effective use of human and material means for achieving the objectives of the undertaking is zhai management."
In the above definitions, the emphasis has been laid on the maximum utilization of human and material resources and an increase in production, but the human side has been neglected. Therefore modern management scholars criticize these definitions.
2. Functional Definitions:
Many management scholars consider management to be a process or a task. Some of the major definitions of this class are the following:
(i) George R. In the words of Tarry - "Management is a specialized process of planning, organization, motivation and control in which work is done to determine and fulfil certain objectives using human and other means."
(ii) According to MAC Forland- "Management is the process by which managers create, direct, maintain and operate purposeful organizations through systematic, coordinated and cooperative human efforts."
(iii) In the words of Henry Fayol - "Management means forecasting and planning, organizing, ordering, coordinating and controlling."
The above definitions clearly explain the functions of management and state that:
(i) Management is a specific process,
(ii) Management includes planning, organization, motivation and control,
(iii) The management process is followed to fulfil the objectives set out in the management,
(iv) The process of management is constantly moving,
(v) The design, direction and control of the management are made keeping in mind the speed, volume and nature of changes in the organization.
3. Decision-Making-Oriented Definition:
Many scholars have considered the decision making of management a process.
The main definitions among these are the following:
(i) In the words of Ros Moore - "Management means decision making."
(ii) Prof. According to King - “Management is the art and science of decision making and providing leadership.
(iii) In the words of Stanley Vance- "In short, the clear meaning of management is the process of making decisions and controlling human actions so that pre-determined goals can be easily achieved."
These definitions of management are incomplete because decision making is just a part of the management process, how can it be complete management.
4. Environment-Oriented Definitions:
Due to the change of time and circumstances, the nature of management is also going to change.
Some of its key definitions are as follows:
(i) According to Robert Albanis - "Management is the work of building and maintaining an environment in which individuals accomplish goals efficiently and effectively."
(ii) In the words of Kountz and Wheerich - "Management is the process of building and maintaining an environment in which individuals working in groups achieve their chosen goals efficiently."
According to these definitions, the manager has to pay special attention to the environment and the changes that take place during the entire process. The main reason for this is that management is influenced by the work environment and is dependent on um. In present times this idea is becoming more popular.
5. Definitions of getting others to work and working together with others (Definition Based on getting done through and with others):
The following definitions are described in this class:
(i) According to Harold Kontz - "Management is the art of getting and doing work by and with individuals organized informal parties."
(ii) In the words of Sir Charles Reynold - "Management is the process of getting an agency of a community to function."
It is clear from the above definitions that management is not only the process of taking work from employees but also the process of working with them. In this, employees are formally organized and they try to achieve a certain objective.
Is management the art of taking work from other people? (Is Management the Art of Getting Things Done through Others?):
The above management scholars have said that management should be done only by individuals. According to him, the person who is skilled in getting work done by others is the successful manager. Here management has been considered as an instrument in which the manager makes the organization productive and effective based on its economic, social, technical, legal and administrative abilities. For this, he has to do many tasks like planning, organization and control.
On analyzing the definitions of Harold Kontz and Charles Reynold, the following things become clear:
(i) Management means getting other people to work:
These individuals are divided into two categories:
(a) Managers and
(b) Non-Managers.
Manager:
Guides direct and coordinates the efforts of other individuals towards achieving the objectives of the institution.
Non-Manager:
This category includes employees, operators and non-government employees. Non-managers are responsible for their work while managers are responsible for their work as well as the work of their subordinates. It is only with the mutual support of the people of these two classes that an organization can be made productive and effective.
(ii) Making others work is an art:
The meaning of art is derived from the practical use of acquired knowledge. In this way, managers have to develop educational technical, social, economic and moral abilities. According to Tarry - "It is an art to achieve desired results on the use of personal tact."
Therefore, until the manager does not develop these abilities, his success is not possible. Therefore, managers must have knowledge of management principles as well as efficient behaviour.
It would also be appropriate to state here that managerial skill depends on the individual's personal skills. This means there is no one best way to manage. Management is creative like other arts. Creativity has great importance in managerial success. Creativity creates new conditions for further improvement.
(iii) The method of conducting work is organized and disciplined.
To make people work, managers have to plan, prepare the organization, give directions and control. In this way, managers have to do various managerial tasks, such as planning, organization, directing and controlling etc.
Along with this, the managers have to adopt such methods and techniques so that discipline, goodwill and trust can be maintained in the institution and the organization can face the challenges. Apart from this, the aspirations, needs and feelings of subordinates should also be satisfied.
(iv) To remove or at least minimize the obstacles and problems in the way of work:
The management periodically removes various problems and obstacles in the way of completing the work.
(v) The management is considered as a result-oriented task:
The objective of the management is to achieve definite results in the shortest possible time and with maximum efficiency. Thus, in management, maximum importance is given to "Reaching Goals" by maximum efficiency.
Criticism:
Many scholars criticized these ideas, which are as follows:
(i) Management is not just art:
Koontz considers management to be pure art, while the truth is that management is both art and science. It is a science to the extent that facts can be used and where experience, thought and foresight are the basis for decision making instead of facts and experiments, then it is art.
(ii) Management is not merely the management of individuals:
In this definition, management is considered as the management of individuals only. Whereas in management also comes the management of physical resources - goods, machines, currency and technology.
(iii) Understanding in context of external environment:
This definition of Koontz is one way in which the management is asked to work with other people, whereas it is true that understanding the organization of an organization in terms of the internal environment as well as the external environment is an important task of management.
(iv) Management is not to force, intimidate, threaten:
Because the definition of Qurj o Donnell emphasizes achieving desired results, it appears that there is a provision for employees to be employed at all costs, forcing them to be forced, intimidated or threatened but This idea does not seem appropriate.
Conclusion:
Therefore, it can be said that it is not appropriate to consider management as just the art of making it work.
6. Human-Oriented Definitions:
These definitions of management emphasize more on human relationships.
Some of these are as follows:
(i) According to Keith and Gubellini - "Management dictates human behaviour toward a specific purpose or goal."
(ii) Lawrence A. In Apple's words - "Management is the development of individuals, not the direction of things. Management is a secular administration. "
To understand this definition of appellee appropriately, we divide it into three parts:
(i) Management is the development of individuals,
(ii) Management items are not directed and
(iii) Management is secular administration.
(i) Management is the development of people:
Management mainly requires two tools:
(a) Human resources and
(b) physical resources
In humanitarian means, we involve the officers and employees of the institution and their development. Material resources include raw materials, machinery plants, equipment buildings, land and many other things. Both means are important for the success of the management, but still, the human element has a special place because the human is the main basis of the management.
Therefore, if the human element develops, then the best use of physical means is possible. Development of individuals means developing their abilities, abilities, skills etc. The development of individuals can be done by their educational training, promotion, transfer extension motivation etc.
Therefore, the more developed the human element means efficient and capable, the better and frugal the physical means can be used. According to Apple, if more attention is given to qualifying the people who use it than to pay more attention to the direction of physical means, then the management objectives can be easily achieved.
Therefore, individuals should be developed to such a level that they are moving towards maximum attainment with minimum efforts, it would be fair to say that means is for man and not for man. Therefore, the definition of appellee gives management a human foundation.
McGregor's ideas also resemble Apple's ideas. According to him - If the management gives the working employees an environment in which they can put their full potential and talent to work, then the work will become as natural for them as sports or rest. They will take initiative and control themselves to achieve the objectives of the organization. Therefore, it is right to say that management is the development of human beings.
The president of an American corporation, Mr Francis, has emphasized the importance of human beings in an organization, saying that "We do not make motors, aeroplanes, fridges, radios or shoes, we make humans and humans manufacture these things." Are. ”Thus the essence of the development of individuals is - to highlight what is best in the individual.
(ii) Management is not the Direction of Things:
Although apples have given more importance to the human element in the field of management, this does not mean that they do not include the direction of physical means in the field of management. The truth is that the development of individuals in the direction of things (material means). , Includes control and use automatically.
I thought carefully, one will feel that the direction of physical means becomes involved in the development of individuals on its own. With the development of individuals, production work can be done with full capacity and efficiency. Wastage of goods and capital will be prevented and it will be possible to achieve the goals by making maximum use of physical resources. Therefore Apple has considered the development of individuals, directly and indirectly, the direction of objects (physical means).
(iii) Management is Personnel Administration (Management):
If the above lines of the appellee are said as "There is an (administrative) administration management", then it would be more appropriate because even apples have emphasized all the work related to the employees. Thus, the important task of management is to recruit, a select, train, promote, transfer, work evaluation, provide leadership to employees. Appellee considers management as employee administration because these tasks are universal in the field of management. ”
Finally, it has to be said that the efficiency and effectiveness of physical practice depend on the development of human resources.
Apple's definition can be explained by the following diagram:
It is clear from the above diagram that the management directs the individuals and that the individuals are the editors of the best use of physical means and make it possible to achieve the goals.
7. Other Definitions:
The following are given by some prominent scholars:
(i) Prof. According to Kimbal and Kimbal - "Management in broad terms refers to the art by which the economic principles applied to control human beings and goods in an enterprise are used."
(ii) Prof. Theo Hamann describes management in three meanings:
(a) First, management refers to the work of managerial personnel under which the work of the persons working in the undertaking is controlled.
(b) Second, management means such that in which the principles of business planning, organization, operation, coordination, catalysis and control are analyzed.
(c) Thirdly, the meaning of management is derived from the process under which the emphasis is on associating with others.
(iii) Peter F. According to Drucker - “Management is an economic part of industrial society. It is the management to do the desired results. "He further writes that-" The manager is a multipurpose system that manages the business, arranges the managers and arranges the workmen and the work. "
Thus Peter F. Drucker defines management as "how to be done, not" how to do. "
The definition of Drucker states the following:
(a) Management is the product of industrial civilization.
(b) Management is a multipurpose system.
(c) the part of the management industrial society which deals with the achievement of desired results, and
(d) Management performs three functions:
(i) management of the business,
(ii) management of managers, and
(iii) Management of work and employees.
The meaning of the word management in English becomes more clear as follows:
Manage → Men → Tactfully
That means management means taking action from people with tact and discretion.
Conclusion:
After studying the various definitions given above, we come to the conclusion that - “Management is an artistic and scientific process in a dynamic environment which is the planning, concurrence, homogenous of efforts and material means to achieve the objectives set by an organization. , Control and relationships. "
